Multi-objective, multi-year dynamic generation and transmission expansion planning- renewable energy sources integration for Iran's National Power Grid

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Control issues of distribution system automation in smart grids

In recent years, the world has been exposed to many developments in different areas esp. computer technology, resulting in computers with high power of processing to be built. Among these devices, intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) have the capability to process considerable volume of data at high speed. Since, real-time data processing is vital in distribution networks as the largest users during their operation, IEDs would be applicable in such systems. In addition to IEDS, communication systems have improved during recent decades, providing the desired conditions for a concept known as distribution system automation (DSA) which has been discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the application of distributed generation (DG) in the context of DSA is addressed. Then, different control schemes have been investigated for DG sources while power quality (PQ) issues with DSA in microgrids are proposed in this paper. Moreover, the global automation standard has been presented and a combined strategy is suggested for demand-side management (DSM)

Pool trading model within a local energy community considering flexible loads, photovoltaic generation and energy storage systems

This paper presents a pool trading model within a local energy community considering home energy management systems (HEMSs) and other consumers. A transparent mechanism for market clearing is proposed to incentivise active prosumers to trade their surplus energy within a rule-based pool market in the local energy community. A price-based demand response program (PBDRP) is considered to increase the consumers’ willingness to modify their consumption. The mathematical optimization problem is a standard mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem to allow for rapid assessment of the trading market for real energy communities which have a considerable number of consumers. This allows for novel energy trading strategies amongst different clients in the model and for the integration of a pool energy trading model at the level of the local energy community. The objective function of the energy community is to minimize the overall bills of all participants while fulfilling their demands. Two different scenarios have been evaluated, independent and integrated operation modes, to show the impacts of coordination amongst different end-users. Results show that through cooperation, end-users in the local energy community market can reduce the total electricity bill. This is shown in a 16.63% cost reduction in the independent operation and a 21.38% reduction in the integrated case. Revenues for active consumers under coordination increased compared to independent operation of the HEMS.© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Ocean Wind Energy Technologies in Modern Electric Networks: Opportunity and Challenges

Wind energy is one of the most important sources of energy in the world. In recent decades, wind as one of the massive marine energy resources in the ocean to produce electricity has been used. This chapter introduces a comprehensive overview of the efficient ocean wind energy technologies, and the global wind energies in both offshore and onshore sides are discussed. Also, the classification of global ocean wind energy resources is presented. Moreover, different components of a wind farm offshore as well as the technologies used in them are investigated. Possible layouts regarding the foundation of an offshore wind turbine, floating offshore, as well as the operation of wind farms in the shallow and deep location of the ocean are studied. Finally, the offshore wind power plant challenges are described